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The Longevity Equation Journal

The Longevity Equation Journal

A physician-led exploration of the biological systems that shape aging, performance, and long-term resilience.

Grounded in clinical practice. Written by Anil Bajnath, MD, and the Institute for Human Optimization. New entries published periodically.

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Longevity equation journal

VO₂ Max by Age and Sex: What’s Actually Normal for Longevity

VO₂ Max by Age and Sex: What’s Actually Normal for Longevity

Institute for Human Optimization Team
Published on: 30/01/2026

Discover what VO2 max norms actually look like by age and sex, and why optimizing your cardiorespiratory fitness is critical for long-term health and longevity.

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